Honors and Degrees and Indian Names
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125)IV Honors, Degrees and Indian Names
Honors
HONORS are of two kinds, individual, and group or degree. Any brave may take both kinds, if he wishes. The standards for the individual honors, it will be seen, are higher.
I shall give these first, as they have been in use from the beginning.
DECORATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL HONORS
The decorations for the exploits are: eagle-feathers and wampum medals. Thus, the emblems of a high honor or grand coup would be ai| eagle feather with a red tuft on the end, and a wampum or beaded medal for the head band or necklace.
The symbol for a low honor or coup would be a plain eagle feather — that is without any tuft and a wampum or beaded medal of half-size.
Thus, it will be seen that the medals do not take the place of the feathers, but repeat the honor in another form.
DECORATIONS FOR GROUP HONORS OR DEGREES
The decoration for the group honors or degrees, of which there are twenty-four, set forth on pages 117-141 is an honor band made in beads, quills, or embroidery. These honor bands are used as arm bands or as decorations of the war shirt.126)STANDARDS OF HONORS
These exploits are intended to distinguish those who are first-class in their department, and those who are so good that they may be considered in the record-making class. They may be called Honors and High Honors, but the Plains Indians speak of their exploits as Coup (pronounced coo) and Grand Coup. The Sioux, I am informed, use the French word coup, but call them "Justee-na coo", and "Tonka coo", the "Little Deed," and the "Big Deed."
No one can count both Coup and Grand Coup, or repeat their honor in the same department, except for heroism, mountain climbing, and others that are specified as "repeaters," in which each honor is added to that previously worn.
No honors are conferred unless the exploit has been properly witnessed or proven, as though for the Century Bar of the L. A. W. When it is a question of time under one minute, only stop-watches are allowed.
Honors are allowed according to the standard of the year in which the application was made.
An honor, once fairly won, can never be lost for subsequent failure to reach the standard.
Except when otherwise stated, the exploits are meant for all ages.
Any one counting coup, according to the class above him may count it a grand coup in his own class, unless otherwise provided.
This list is made by the High Council of Guidance. The exploits are founded on world-wide standards, and with the help of the best experts. The Council will gladly consider any suggestion, but it must be understood that no local group has any power to add to or vary the exploits in any way whatsoever.127)
Class I. Red Honors — Heroism
Honors are allowed for saving a human life at risk of one's own; it is a coup or a grand coup, at the discretion of the Council.
A soldier's war medals count for a grand coup each.
Courage. (The measure of courage has not yet been discovered.)
RIDING
To ride a horse 1 mile in 3 minutes, clearing a 4-foot hurdle and an 8-foot water jump, counts honor; to do it in 2 minutes, clearing a 5-foot hurdle and a 12-foot water jump, high honor.
Trick-riding. To pick up one's hat from the ground while at full gallop on a horse of not less than 13 hands, counts honor.
To do it 3 times without failure, from each side, with horse of at least 15 hands, counts high honor.
GENERAL ATHLETICS
(Advisers — J. E. Sullivan, secretary of Amateur Athletic Union; Dr. Luther H. Gulick of Russell Sage Foundation, New York.)
Those under 10 are children; those over 10 and under 16 are boys; those over 16 and under 18 are lads; those over 18 are men.
Girls take the standards according to their ages up to 18, but for athletics are never over that. No matter what their age, thenceforth they continue in the "lad class", and in filing the claim need only mention their class.
Men over 70 return to the lad class.
The records are given according to Spalding's Almanac, where will be found the names of those who made them, with date and place.
A dash ( — ) means "not open".128)129)130)131)132)133)
GENERAL ATHLETICS {Continued)
ATHLETIC SPECIALTIES
(Open to those only who are over 21.)
Weight-throwing. Throw the 56-lb. weight from a 7-ft.
circle: coup 22 ft.; grand coup 28 ft.; Rec. 38 ft. yf in.
Dumb-hell. Pushing up one 50-lb. dumb-bell with one
hand to full arm length above the shoulder: 15 times for
coup; 30 times, gravid coup; Rec. 94 times.
Ditto with loo-ib. dumb-bell: 5 times, coup; 10 times,
grand coup; Rec. 20 times.
Ditto with two loo-lb. dumb-bells once; one in each
hand, same time grand coup.
To turn a wheel, coup.134)I02 The Book of Woodcraft
Handspring. To throw a tumbler or 4-legged hand-
spring, coup; to throw a clean handspring, grand coup.
Back handspring. A clean back handspring, grand coup.
WATER-SPORTS AND TRAVEL
(For swimming, rowing, etc., see classified athletics on a previous page.)
Bathing. A coup for having bathed out of doors in
water of natural temperature anywhere north of N. Lat.
30, or south of S. Lat. 30, for 300 days in the year; a
grand coup for 365 days.
Sailing. To have sailed any two-man craft for 30
successive days, 12 hours a day at the wheel — the other
man not a professional sailor — coup.
Sixty days of the same in salt water, grand coup.
Log-riding. Tread a sawlog 100 yards in any time,
without going overboard, for coup; do it 100 yards and
back in 30 minutes, for grand coup.
Canoeman. A coup is allowed to those who can paddle
(single) a canoe on dead water, make their paddling cotip
(see p. 100), spill the canoe and get into her again, and bale
her alone.
A grand coup, when they make their paddling coup,
spill, right, and bale the canoe alone, three times in
succession, and have run a rapid that falls 6 feet in 200
yards.
Canoe-camper. To have made a continuous canoe trip
of 500 miles, sleeping out every night, coup; 1,000 miles
of the same, grand coup.
Saddle-camper. To have made a continuous saddle
trip of 500 miles, sleeping out every night, coup; 1,000
miles, grand coup.
Camper. A coup, for passing 30 successive nights out
of doors, never once sleeping under shingles, but in tent,135)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 103
teepee, or bivouac, every night. A grand coup, for 60
nights of the same.
Lone-tramper. A coup, for traveling alone, on foot,
100 miles, carrying one's outfit, sleeping out every night;
a grand coup, for 200 miles.
Gang-tramper. A coup, for traveling 150 miles on foot
with a party, carrying one's own outfit, sleeping out every
night; a grand coup, for 250 miles.
Ski-man. To have traveled 6 miles in an hour, 40 miles
in one day, covered 40 feet in a jump, and traveled 500
miles all told, counts a coup.
To have traveled 7 miles in an hour 50 miles in one day,
made a 50-foot jump, and traveled 1,000 miles all told,
counts a grand coup.
Arctic Traveler. A coup, for entering the Arctic Circle
by sea; a grand coup, by land.
Tropic Traveler. A coup, for crossing the Equator by
sea or rail; a grand coup, on foot.
Motoring. To have covered 1,000 miles within 30 days,
acting as your own chauffeur and mechanic, coup. To
have covered 1,000 miles in 4 days, 100 miles in 2 hours,
acting as your own chauffeur and mechanic, grand coup.
(In both cases garage privileges allowed.)
MOUNTAIN-CLIMBING (aLL AFOOt)
(Not open to boys, i.e., those under 14.)
By Sir Martin Conway, ex-President of the Alpine Club.
The exploits in this class are repeaters.
The first one to climb a standard peak gets double
honors ; one for climh, one for first climb.
For lads {i.e., over 14 and under 18.)136)I04 The Book of Woodcraft
COUP
In Great Britain — Ben Macdhuie, Ben Nevis, Ben
Lomond, Ben Cruachan, Snowdon, Scarfell.
In Europe — Vesuvius, Breithorn.
In North America — Mt. Washington; Electric Peak,
Wyo.
GRAND COUP
In Europe — Mt. Blanc, Monte Viso, Etna, Monte Rosa,
In North America — Pike's Peak, Shasta, Adams.
In Asia — Fujiyama; Tabor.
Add to this all the honor list of next.
For men {i.e., all over i8.)
COUP
In Europe — Mt. Blanc, Monte Rosa, Monte Viso,
Ecrins, Grand Paradis, Jungfrau, Finsteraarhorn, Wetter-
horn, Bernina, Ortler, Gross Glockner, Matterhorn from
Zermatt.
In North America — St. Helen's, Adams, Shasta, Hood,
Rainier, Mt. Shaughnessy, Mt. Stephen, Popocatepetl;
Orizaba.
GRAND COUP
In Europe — Meije, Aig. du Grepon, Aig. du Geant,
Aig. du Dru, Matterhorn (by Itahan or Stock je ridges).
Dent Blanche, Mischabelhorner from Seas, Schreckhorn,
Monte di Scerscen, Fiinfhnger Sp., Kleine Zinne.
In North America — Mt. Sir Donald, Mt. Logan, Mt.
Assiniboine, Mt. Fairweather, Mt. St. Elias, Grand
Teton, Mt. McKinley. Any peak in Alaska over 13,000
feet high.
In South America — Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Illimani,
Aconcagua.137)Honors^ Degrees, and Indian Names 105
In Asia — Any peak 19,000 feet high.
In Africa — Any peak over 15,000 feet high.
TARGET-SHOOTING
(Open to men only.)
Everything that can be said in favor of firearms for use in general sport
applies to the rifle only (and its understudy the revolver). The scatter-gun
has no official existence for us. It is ruination to the marksman's power and
should be abolished. A rifle range is a desirable adjunct to all grown-up
camps. Honors awarded according to the army standards.
Revolver-shot. Target 4x4 ft. Bull's eye 8 inches
(counts 4 points). Inner ring 2 feet (3 points). Outer,
the rest of target (2 points).
Distance, 30 yards.
Ninety-six shots divided in any number up to six days,
one hand, standing:
points count coup] 300, grand coup.
Half with left hand only; half with right only: 230 points, coup; 260, grand coup. Rifleman. To be a marksman of the highest rank but one, according to militia standards, a coup; to be an expert rifleman of the highest rank, a grand coup. EYESIGHT To spot the Rabbit three times out of five at 60 yards, also to distinguish and map out correctly six Pleiades and see clearly the "Pappoose (Alcor) on the Squaw's (Mizar) back," counts a coup; to spot the Rabbit three times out of live at 70 yards and seven Pleiades and the Pappoose, counts a far sight grand coup. (Those who habitually wear glasses may use them in this test.) (See "Far-sight," among the games.) To make a 75 score in ten tries in the game of Quick- sight, with ten counters, counts coup; a 95 score counts138)io6 The Book of Woodcraft a grand coup. (See "Quick-sight," among the games.) BIG-GAME HUNTING (By permission of the Campfire Club of America.) Inasmuch as Hunting Big Game must be recognized in our list of national outdoor sports, it should be elevated to a higher plane by the adoption of these rules, because they tend to give the utmost prominence to the many ad- mirable features of the chase, and at the same time reduce the total sum of destruction. To have gone alone into the haunts of big game, that is to say, without professional guide, and by fair hunting, unaided by traps or poison, or dogs (except where marked "d"), have killed and saved for good purposes, in absolute accordance with the game laws, any of the following kinds of game (or others of a corresponding character), counts honors as below: Each species counts one coup; that is, one Tiger would count one coup, ten Tigers would not count any more, and when he gets his Tiger, his Moose, etc., the sportsman is supposed to stop so far as that species is concerned. The presence of a professional hunter reduces a grand coup to a coup, and if he took any part in the actual killing it does not count at all. A native gun-bearer is not nec- essarily a professional guide. COUP Black Bear (d) Water-buck Puma (d) Deer Gray Wolf (d) Moose, Wapiti, etc. Wild Boar, otherwise than Tiger (from elephant-back with spear (d) or Machan) Caribou 14-foot Crocodile or Alligator139)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 107 GRAND COUP Elephant Hippopotamus Lion Moose (by stalking) Tiger (without help of ele- Mountain Goat phants) Mountain Sheep, adult ram Jaguar Chamois Leopard Himalayan Tahr, adult male Puma Gray Wolf Rhinoceros Grizzly Bear Indian Bison Spectacled Bear African BufiFalo Wild Boar, with spear, etc. Gorilla Sword fish, 15 feet long, Okapi from small boat Class IL White Honors CAMPERCRAFT AND SCOUTING Bee-line. Come to camp through strange woods from a point one mile off and return in 30 minutes, for coup; in 20 for grand coup. Match-fire. Light 15 campfires in succession with 15 matches, all in different places, all with stuff found in the woods by himself, one at least to be on a wet day, for coup; if all 15 are done on wet days, or if he does 30, of which two are on wet days, it counts grand coup. Flint and Steel Fire. To light 15 campfires in succession with wildwood tinder, one at least on a wet day, and none to take over a minute from striking the flint, to having the blazes, coup; if all 15 are done on one day, or if he does 30 fires in unbroken succession, two at least on wet days, and in no case more than half a minute from strike to blaze, grand coup.140)io8 The Book of Woodcraft Rubbing-stick Fire. Light a fire with a fire-drill or rub- bing-sticks, with material of one's own gathering, counts coup; to do it in one minute counts grand coup. Water Boiling. Boil one quart of water in a 2 -quart pail in 1 1 minutes for coup; in 9 minutes for grand coup. Allowed one log, one match, one axe or hatchet. The water is boiling when jumping and bubbling all over the surface. Axeman. To chop down three 6-inch trees in succession in 60 seconds each, throwing them to drive each a given stake, coup; in 45 seconds each, grand coup. Knots. To make 30 different standard knots in a rope, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Lasso. To catch 10 horses or cattle in corral, with 10 throws of the lasso, counts coup; to catch 10 on the range in 10 throws counts a grand coup. Lasso. To catch a horse or beef by each of his four feet in four successive throws, grand coup. Lasso. To catch, throw, and "hog-tie" a beef or horse in 2^ minutes for coup, in i| minutes for grand coup. The record is said to be 40 seconds. Diamond Hitch. Pack a horse with not less than 100 pounds of stuff, with diamond hitch, to hold during 8 hours of travel, coup. Ten days in succession, a grand coup. Size Guessing. To guess one inch, one foot, one yard, one rod, one acre, 100 yards, 200 yards, one quarter mile, one half mile, and a mile, within 20 per cent, of average error, for coup; 10 per cent, for grand coup. Height and Weight Guessing. To guess the height of 10 trees or other high things, and the weight of 10 stones or other things ranging from one ounce to 100 pounds, within 10 per cent, of average error, for coup; 5 per cent, for grand coup. Gauging Farness. To measure the height of 10 trees without climbing, or 10 distances across a river, etc., with-141)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 109 out crossing, within 10 per cent, of average error, for coup; 5 per cent, for grand coup. Tools: an axe and a pocket rule only. Star Gazing. Know and name 15 star groups, for coup; know 20 star groups and tell the names and something about at least one star in each, for grand coup. Latitude. Take the latitude from the stars at night with a cart wheel, or some home-made instrument, 10 times'^ from different points, within one degree of average error, for coup; one half degree for grand coup. Traveler. A coup for being able to take correct latitude, longitude, and local time. A grand coup for having passed the Royal Geographical Society's examination of "expert traveler." Red Cross. A grand coup for having passed the Red Cross examination of first aid to the wounded. Life Saving: For passing the U. S. Vol. Life Saving Corps diploma test for Kfe saving in the water, a coup. For the same and an actual rescue, grand coup. Throwing Life Buoy. For those under 18: To throw it 40 feet wdthin 10 feet of the mark, is coup; the same but 45 feet within 5 feet of the mark is grand coup. In each case 3 out of 5. For those over 18: To throw it 55 feet within 10 feet of the mark is coup; 60 feet within 5 feet of the mark is grand coup. In each case 3 times out of 5 . Boat-builder. Build a boat that will carry two men and that can be paddled, rowed, or sailed by them 6 miles an hour, coup; 7 miles an hour, grand coup. Birch Canoe. To have made a birch canoe that has traveled, with at least one man aboard, 100 miles or more in safety, grand coup. In Sign-talking to know and use correctly 200 signs for coup; 400 signs, grand coup.142)no The Book of Woodcraft Wigwag or Myer Signaling. To know this code and signal, as well as receive a message a quarter mile off, at the rate of lo words a minute, for coup. The same, at a mile, 24 words a minute, for grand coup. Morse Code. The same. Trailing. Know and clearly discriminate the tracks of 25 of our common wild quadrupeds, also trail one for a mile and secure it, without aid of snow, coup. Similarly dis- criminate 50 tracks, and follow 3 tracks a mile as before, but for 3 different animals, grand coup. Indian Bed. Make an Indian bed of at least 60 rods, all tied tight for coup. Make one of 80 or more rods with 4 cords all straight, and bound at the edges, for grand coup. Cooking. Cook 12 digestible meals for at least three persons, using ordinary camp outfit, coup. Or 21 meals and in addition make good bread each day for grand coup. Wilderness Cooking. Make and bake bread, fry fish or meat and boil potatoes or fish without pots or pans. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. Cabin. Build a habitable log cabin not less than 6x8, with wind-tight walls and waterproof roof. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. Tejit or Teepee. Make a two-man tent or an 8-foot teepee, or better, single handed and set them up; for coup or grand coup, according to merit. Latrine. To have made and run for three days a perfect latrine in Army fashion, coup or grand coup, according to merit. Basket. To have made a serviceable basket of wild- wood materials and not less than 5 inches across; for coup or grand coup, according to merit. Weaving. To have woven a good grass or rush rug, square and even, not less than 2x5 feet, coup or grand coup, according to merit.143)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names in Blazes and Signs. Make the 4 usual Indian Signs or Blazes on tree trunk, in twigs, grass, stones, give the smoke signals, and add 25 other signs or pictographs used by the Indians. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. Herald. Open and lead the Council, light the sacred fire, performing the Peace Pipe ceremony and the Naming ceremony. Know three Indian dances songs and the Omaha Invocation. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. Dancer. Know three Indian dancing songs and be able to dance and teach the Snake dance, the War dance, the Caribou dance and the Scalp dance, for coup. Add the New Sun dance, the Seneca War dance and the Dog dance for grand coup. Peace Messenger. Know 100 signs of the Sign Language and translate into English from any other language sen- tences amounting to 300 words, coup. Know 200 signs and translate from two languages, grand coup. Indian Clock. Make an Indian clock, that is, a sun- dial, that works. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. Map. Make a correct map of a region one mile long,
mile wide, such as a mile of highway, taking in | of a
mile on each side, marking every house, fence, hill, and prominent tree, etc. When there is a stream, indicate the size, speed, gallons it runs per hour and bridges. Coup or grand coup, according to merit. 'Stweat Lodge. Make and use properly a Sweat Lodge three times in one week, in two of the times it may be given to another person for coup. Run a Sweat Lodge successfully for one month, treating at least a dozen patients, grand coup. Bow and Arrows. Make a bow and 6 arrows that will carry 100 yards, coup; 150 yards, grand coup. Tomtom. Make and decorate a tomtom ; coup or grand coup, according to merit.144)112 The Book of Woodcraft ARCHERY (Revised by Will H. Thompson, of Seattle, Wash.) Make a total score of 300 with 60 shots (in one or two meets), 4-foot target at 40 yards (or 3-foot target at 30 yards) , for coup; make 400 for grand coup. Shoot so fast and far as to have 6 arrows in the air at once, for coup; 7, for grand coup. (According to Catlin, the record is 8.) For children (under 10), to send an arrow 90 yards, coup; 115 yards, grand coup. For boys (10 to 14), to send an arrow 125 yards, cow/>; 1^0 grand coup. For lads (14 to 18), to send an arrow 175 yards, coup; 200 grand coup. For men (over 18), to send an arrow 250 yards, coup; 275, grand coup. To hit the Burlap Deer in the heart, first shot: For Boys at 45 yards, coup; 55 yards, grand coup " Lads " 60 " " 70 " " Men " 75 " " 85 " " " (The heart is 9 inches across.) To cover a mile: Children in 19 shots for coup; 15 shots for grand coup Boys " 14 " " " II " " " Lads " 10 " " " 9 " " " Men " 8 " " " 7 " " " LONG RANGE, CLOUT, OR FLIGHT SHOOTING Lads. Three-foot target at 130 yards, if possible on a Steep hillside. In the target is a bull's eye, and counts . . 9 Within 3 feet of outside of target li /T U il (i U i( C( (( i( li a li 9 II 2 II li II II il145)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 113 Coup is for 300 at 60 consecutive shots. Grand coup is for 400 at 60 consecutive shots. (In one or two meets.) Men. Four-foot target at 180 yards, if possible on a steep hillside. In the target is a bull's eye, and counts Within 6 feet of outside of target " a . a (( (( (( u (( (( Q a (I (( li (( a Coup for 300 at 60 consecutive shots. Grand coup for 400 at 60 consecutive shots. (In one or two meets.) FISHING (By Dr. Henry van Dyke, Author of "Little Rivers," "Fisherman's Luck," etc.) (Boys are those under 14; lads 14 to 18; men 18 and over.) Tackle-making. Boys: To make a 6-foot leader of clean gut, with smooth knots to stand a strain of 5 lbs., coup. To tie 6 different flies, of regular patterns, on num- ber 8-12 hooks, and take trout with each of them, by day- light casting, in clear water, grand coup. Lads: To make a bait rod of 3 joints, straight and sound, 14 oz. or less in weight, 10 feet or less in length, to stand a strain of i^ lbs. at the tip, 13 lbs. at the grip, cotip. To make a jointed fly-rod 8-10 feet long, 4-6 02s. in weight, capable of casting a fly 60 feet, grand coup. Fly-fishing. Boys and lads: To take with the fly, un- assisted, a 3-lb. trout or black bass, on a rod not m.ore than 5 oz. in weight, coup. To take a 5-lb. trout or black bass or a 4-lb. landlocked salmon under the same conditions, grand coup.146)114 The Book of Woodcraft Men : To hook and land with the fly, unassisted, without net or gaff, a trout or landlocked salmon over 4 lbs., or a salmon over 12 lbs., cotip. To take, under the same condi- tions, a salmon over 25 lbs., grand coup. General Fishing. Boys, lads, and men: To take on a rod, without assistance in hooking, placing, or landing, a trout, black bass, pike, muscallonge, grayling, salmon, bluefish, weakfish, striped bass, kingfish, sheepshead, or other game fish, whose weight in pounds equals or exceeds that of the rod in ounces, coup. To take under the same conditions a game fish that is double in pounds the ounces of the rod, grand coup. Indoor Fly-casting. Boys: To cast a fly with a rod of 5 oz. or less, not over 10 feet long, 40 feet, coup; 55 feet, grand coup. Lads: 65 feet, coup; 80 feet, grand coup. Men: 80 feet, coup; 95 feet, grand coup. "Every fish caught and kept, but not used, is a rotten spot in the angler's record" (H. v. D.).
BAIT-CASTING
With J-oz. dummy frog, 5-ft. rod, indoors, overhead casting, tournament style: Child class, 40 feet for coup; 50 feet for grand coup. Boy " 60 " " 70 " " " Lad " 80 " " " 90 " " " Man " 100 " " 120 " " " If out of doors add 10 per cent, to each of the distances, if cast is made with the wind. If a wooden plug is used instead of the dummy frog, add 30 per cent, to each distance.147)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 115 Class IIL Blue Honors* NATURE STUDY — VERTEBRATES (Revised by Frank M. Chapman, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City,) Know and name correctly 25 native wild quadrupeds, for coup; know and name correctly 50, and tell something about each, for grand coup. Know and draw unmistakable pictures of 25 tracks of our four-foot animals, for coup; of 50 for grand coup. Know and name correctly 100 of our native birds as seen mounted in a museum, the female and young to count separately, when they are wholly different from the male. This counts coup; 200 birds for grand coup. Know and name correctly 50 wild birds in the field; this counts coup; 100, grand coup. Recognize 50 wild birds by note, for coup; 100 for grand coup. Know and name 10 turtles for coup; 20 for grand coup, with something interesting about each. Know and name 10 different snakes, tell which are poi- sonous, for coup; 20 snakes for grand coup. Know and name correctly 10 Batrachians for coup; 20 for grand coup. Know and name 25 fish for coup; 50 fish for grand coup. NATURE STUDY — LOWER FORMS OF LIFE (Revised by John Burroughs.) Know and name 25 native land and fresh- water shells, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name 25 moths, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name 25 butterflies, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name 50 other insects for coup; 100 for grand coup.148)ii6l The Book of Woodcraft Know and name correctly, i.e., with the accepted English names, according to any standard authority, 25 trees, and tell something interesting about them, counts coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name correctly 50 of our wild flowers, for coup; 100 for grand coup. Know and name correctly 25 of our wild ferns, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name correctly 25 of our native mosses, for coup; 50 for grand coup. Know and name 50 common toadstools or mushrooms, for coup; 100 for grand coup. GEOLOGY, ETC. (Revised by Prof, Charles D. Walcott, Secretary, Smith- sonian Institution.) Paleontology. Know and name, referring to their proper strata, 50 native fossils, for coup; 100 for grand coup. Mineralogy. Know and name 50 minerals, for coup; or 100 for grand coup. Geology. Know and name and describe the 14 great divisions of the earth's crust, according to Geikie, also define watershed, delta, drift, fault, glacier, terrace, stratum, dip, and identify 10 different kinds of rock, for coup. In addition to the first, define sediment metamorphic, anti- clinal, synclinal, moraine, coal, metal, mineral, petroleum, and identify in all 20 kinds of rock, for grand coup. PHOTOGRAPHY (Revised by A. Radclyffe Dugmore, of [[Country Life in America]], New York.) Make a good recognizable photograph of any wild bird larger than a robin, while on its nest, for coup.. With image 3 inches long for grand coup.149)Honors, Degrees, and Indian Names 117 Make a good photograph of a Ruffed Grouse drumming, a Prairie chicken dancing, a Woodcock, or a Wild Turkey strutting, for grand coup. Make a good recognizable photograph of a wild animal in the air, for coup, or grand coup, according to merit. Ditto for a fish. Get a good photograph of any large wild animal in its native surroundings, and not looking at you, for coup or grand coup, according to merit. (As these are tests of woodcraft, menagerie animals do not count.) THE DEGREES IN WOODCRAFT With standards for the Big Lodge (Kitchi Wigwam) . And with the standards for the Little Lodge (Pangi Wigwam) added in parenthesis. Those for the Medicine Lodge (Mashkiki Wigwam) would be the same as for the Big Lodge, if any are desired LiiiMi;,.""!;! Bead-badges The badges may be worn across the arm in the fashion of the white man; or in a band across the breast or down the breast from the shoulders after the manner of the Indian. These are the same for all lodges. Events marked * are not optional.150)
 Athlete (Song-adis)
|
 Camper (Gabeshiked)
|
 Camp Cook (Chabakwed)
|
 Camp Craftsman (Enokid)
|
 Camp Doctor (Mashkiki)
|
 Canoeman (Chemaunigan)
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 Fisherman (Gagoiked)
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 Forester (Mitigwakid)
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 Frontier Scout (Gimab)
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 Gleeman (Nagamed)
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 Herald (Bibaged)
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 Horseman (Bebamomigod)
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 Hunter (Gaossed)
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 Mountaineer (Wadjiwed)
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 Pathfinder (Mikan)
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 Runner (Kee-mo-sah'-bee)
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 Sharpshooter (Godaakwed)
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 Star Wiseman (Gijiged)
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 Swimmer (Shingebis)
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 Traveler (Bebamadisid)
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 Village Scout (Odena-winini)
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 White Woodcraft (Dibaakid)
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 Wise Woodman (Nibwaka-winini)
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151)
ATHLETE OR STRONGMAN
CAMPER
The Degree of Camper may be conferred on those who take lo of these tests:
1.* Can light 15 fires in succession with 15 matches, at different places, one, at least, on a wet day. (10 for L. L.)
2. Have put up a 2-man tent alone, ten times, for actual service, ready for storms. (5 times for L. L.)
3. Can make the fire with rubbing-sticks of own preparation.
4. Can boil water in 10 minutes with 1 match, 1 log, 1 axe; 1 quart of water in a 2-quart pail. (15 min. for L. L.)
5.* Have made a willow bed, or a rush mat, or an equally good one of wild material.
6. Have made a waterproof roof of wildwood miaterials.
7. Have cooked 21 digestible meals with ordinary camp outfits, for at least three persons. (12 meals for L. L.)
8. Know how to make a raft.
9.* Know how to choose a camp site and how to prepare for rain.
10.* Know how to build a latrine (toilet).
11.* Know how to dispose of the camp garbage and refuse.
12.* Have slept out 100 nights (no roof but canvas); not necessarily consecutive nights. (50 for L. L.)
13. Have traveled 500 miles, all told, in canoe, on foot, or in saddle, while sleeping out. (250 for L. L.)
14. Have had charge of a camp of five or more for seven suns (one week) and kept all going in good shape.153)
CAMP COOK
The Degree of Camp Cook is conferred on those who take 6 of these tests:
1. Can make a good fireplace of wood, of stone, sod, or earth.
2.* Light 15 fires with 15 successive matches, one on a wet day. (10 fires and 10 matches for L. L.)
3.* Cook 5 batches of good bread in a Dutch oven. (3 for L. L.)
4. Cook 5 batches of good bread without any utensils but a hatchet. (3 for L. L.)
5.* Cook 21 digestible meals over campfire for a party of two or more. (12 for L. L.)
6.* Boil a quart of water in a 2-quart pail in 10 minutes. (15 for L. L. given 1 match, 1 log, 1 axe.)
7. Cook a meal consisting of baked bread, fried meat or fish, roast meat or boiled potatoes without any utensils or tools but a hatchet.
8. Have trained a class in cooking; showing and making them do it properly.
CAMP CRAFTSMAN
(Enokid)
The Degree of Camp Craftsman may be conferred on those who take 15 out of these tests:
1. Have a knowledge of tanning and curing.
2.* Can sole and heel a pair of boots, sewed or nailed, and generally repair boots and shoes.
3. Can dress a saddle, repair traces, stirrup leathers, etc., and know the various parts of harness.
4. Can patch a garment.154)
5.* Can make a lace or a button of a leather patch
6. Make set of 6 camp chairs and a camp table.
7. Make a waterproof vessel of birch bark.
8.* Repair a broken boat or canoe.
9. Repair a tent cover so it will not leak.
10. Make an axe helve or a hoe handle.
11. Can repair a leaky kettle or pot.
12. Can solder a tin.
13. Make a basket of wildwood materials.
14.* Make an Indian bed.
15.* Make a grass mat.
16. Can fell a 6-inch tree in 60 seconds and drive with it a given stake.
17. Cut down a 6-inch tree, and chop and split it into stove wood, using axe only.
18. Cut and flat with 2 true surfaces a railway tie 8 feet long, 9-inch face and 6 inches thick, using axe only.
19.* Distinguish between rip saw, crosscut, keyhole saw, 2 -handed crosscut and show how they are used.
20.* Show the right and wrong way of putting nails into two boards, one of which is to be fastened across the other.
21. Make a boat or a birch canoe.
22. Build a log cabin.
CAMP DOCTOR
(Mashkiki)
The Degree of Camp Doctor is conferred on those who take out of these tests:
1.* Can demonstrate the Schaefer method of resuscitation.
2. Carry a person down a ladder.
3. Bandage head and ankle.155)
4.* Demonstrate treatment of wound of the neck with severe arterial hemorrhage.
5. Treat mangled injury of the leg without severe hemorrhage.
6. Demonstrate treatment for rupture of varicose veins of the leg with severe hemorrhage.
7. Show treatment for bite of finger by mad dog.
8. Demonstrate rescue of person in contact with electric wire.
9. Apply tourniquet to a principal artery.
10. State chief difference between carbolic poisoning and intoxication.
11.* Pass first-aid tests of American Red Cross Society.
12. Write a statement on the care of the teeth.
13. State a principle to govern in eating, and state in the order of their importance, five rules to govern the care of his health.
14. Be able to tell the difference in effect of a cold and hot bath.
15.* Describe the effect of alcohol and tobacco on the growing boy.
16. Tell how to care for the feet on a march.
17. Describe the effect of walking as an exercise.
18. Know how to treat sprains.
19. Tell how athletics may be overdone.
20.* State what the chief causes of each of the following diseases are: tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria.
21. Tell what should be done to a house which has been occupied by a person who has had a contagious disease.
22. Tell how they may cooperate with the board of health in preventing disease.
23. Describe the method used in their community in disposing of garbage and the evil effect of flies.
24.* Know how to treat for bad sunburn.156)
25. Tell how a city should protect its foods; milk, meat, and exposed foods.
26. Tell how to plan the sanitary care of a camp.
27. State the reason why school children should undergo a medical examination.
28. Must know what wood herbs, etc., or camp staples will produce sweat, purge, vomit, or warmth; what will make a quick poultice which will check diarrhoea, etc.
29.* Know poison ivy, sumac, oak, etc., and the proper treatment for cases of poisoning by these.
30. Make, use, and teach others to use, the Indian Sweat Lodge.
31. Have taught a class in first aid.
(The Little Lodge can scarcely expect to take this.)
CANOEMAN
The Degree of Canoeman may be conferred on those who take 15 of these tests:
1.* Can tie rapidly 6 different useful knots. (4 in L. L.)
2. Splice ropes.
3. Can find, collect, prepare and use "wattap," that is spruce roots for canoe binding, etc.
4. Can find, collect, prepare and use gum for canoe gumming.
5. Use a palm and needle.
6. Fling a rope coil.
7.* Row, pole, scull, and steer a boat; also bring a canoe or boat properly alongside and make fast.
8. Can build a boat or built canoe.
9. Can make a paddle and paint it Indian fashion.
10.* Repair a boat or canoe.
11. Repair a birch-bark or canvas canoe.157)
12. Must know the laws of mooring, beaching, caching, or portaging a canoe, also how to sit in it and how to change seats with another when afloat.
13.* Can swim 100 yards.
14. Can swim 50 feet with boots, pants and shirt on. (For L. L. 25 feet.)
15. Have sailed any 2-man craft for 30 successive days, 12 hours a day at the wheel — the other man not a professional sailor.
16.* Have paddled (single) a canoe on dead water, 1 mile in 12 min. (15 min. L. L.)
17. Have spilled the canoe and got into her again, and baled her without help.
18. Have taken canoe camper's honor, that is made a continuous canoe or rowboat trip of at least 500 miles, sleeping out every night. (100 miles for L. L.)
19. Have a knowledge of weather-wisdom and tides.
20. Can state direction by the stars and sun.
21. Can steer by compass.
22. Have taught a class to handle a canoe.
FISHERMAN
(Gagoiked)
The Degree of Fisherman may be conferred on those who take 9 of these tests:
1.* Catch and name 10 different species of fish: salmon or trout to be taken with flies; bass, pickerel, or pike to be caught with rod or reel, muskallonge to be caught by trolling. (7 for L. L.)
2. Make a bait rod of 3 joints, straight and sound, 14 oz. or less in weight, 10 feet or less in length, to stand a strain of 1½ lbs. at the tip, 13 lbs. at the grip. Or else158) make a jointed fly-rod 8-10 feet long, 4-8 ozs. in weight, capable of casting a fly 60 feet.
3. Name and describe 25 different species of fish found in North American waters, and give a complete list of the fishes ascertained by himself to inhabit a given body of water. (15 for L. L.)
4. Give the history of the young of any species of wild fish from the time of hatching until the adult stage is reached.
5. Make a net and catch a fish in it.
6. Make a turtle trap and catch a turtle in it.
7.* Make a 6-foot leader of clean gut, with smooth knots to stand a strain of 5 lbs.
8.* Take with the fly, unassisted, a 3-lb. trout, land-locked salmon, or bass, or a 12 lb. salmon, on a rod not more than 5 oz. in weight.
9. Or else take on a rod, without assistance in hooking, playing, or landing a trout, black bass, pike (muscallonge), grayling, salmon, bluefish, weakflsh, striped bass, kingfish, sheepshead, or other game fish, whose weight in pounds equals or exceeds that of the rod in ounces.
10. Cast a fly with a rod of 5 oz. or less, not over 10 feet long, 65 feet. Or, with ¼-oz. dummy frog, 5-foot rod- outdoors, overhead casting, tournament style, send it 80 feet if under 18, no if over.
11. Swim a hundred yards.
11. Paddle (single) a canoe i mile in 12 minutes. (15 for L. L.)
12. Row without help i mile in 10 minutes. (14 for L. L.)
FORESTER
The Degree of Forester may be conferred on those who take 18 of these tests:159)
1.* Can identify 25 kinds of trees when in leaf, or 15 kinds of deciduous (broad leaf) trees in winter, and tell some of the uses of each. (15 for L. L.)
2. Identify 12 kinds of shrubs. (8 for L. L.)
3. Collect and identify samples of 30 kinds of wood and be able to tell some of their uses and peculiar properties. (12 for L. L.)
4. Determine the height, and estimate the amount of timber, approximately, in 5 trees of different sizes.
5.* Can state the laws for transplanting, grafting, spraying, and protecting trees.
6. Make a collection of 60 species of wild flowers, ferns, or grasses dried and mounted in a book and correctly named. (30 for L. L.)
7.* Can recognize in the forest all important commercial trees in his neighborhood.
8. Can distinguish the lumber from each and tell for what purpose each is best suited.
9. Can tell the age of old blazes on trees which mark a boundary or trail.
10.* Can recognize the difference in the forest between good and bad logging, giving reasons why one is good and another bad.
11. Can tell whether a tree is dying from injury by fire, by insects, by disease or by a combination of these causes.
12. Knows what tools to use in lumbering.
13.* Knows how to fight fires in hilly or in flat country.
14. Knows the effect upon stream-flow of the destruction of forests at head waters.
15. Knows what are the 4 great uses of water in streams.
16. Knows what causes the pollution of streams, and how it can best be stopped.
17. Knows how, in general, water-power is developed.160)
18. Can tell, for a given piece of farm land, whether it is best suited for use as a farm or forest, and why.
19. Can point out examples of erosion, and tell how to stop it,
20. Can estimate closely how much timber and how much cord wood is in a given acre of woods.
21. Name 6 trees that will float when green, and 6 that will not.
22.* Know something of the relation of birds and quad-rupeds to forest trees.
23. Can fell a 6-inch tree in 60 seconds, driving with it a given stake. (2 min., and to fall within 2 feet of a stake, for L. L.)
24. Have made 100 trees grow where none grew heretofore. (25 for L. L.)
25. Have camped in the woods for 30 nights.
26. Have taught a class the rudiments in forestry.
FRONTIER SCOUT
(Gimab)
The Degree of Frontier Scout may be conferred on those who take 8 out of these tests:
1.* Milk a cow.
2.* Interpret from any language into English.
3. Fell a tree in a given place.
4. Weld an iron.
5. Temper a knife.
6. Solder a tin.
7. Shoot to win honors with a rifle.
8. Tie 6 kinds of knots.
9. Make a thread lashing.
10. Use an axe correctly.161)
GLEEMAN OR CAMP CONJURER
(Nagamed)
The Degree of Gleeman is conferred on those who take 8 of these tests:
1.* Can open and lead the Council.
2.* Light the Sacred Fire with rubbing-sticks.
3.* Know the Peace Pipe Ceremony.
4. Know the ceremony of giving names.
5.* Can sing many songs, including the Mudji-mukasin, Omaha, Zonzimondi, Bark Canoe, alone or as a leader.
6. Can dance the Caribou dance, the Scalp dance, the Snake dance
7. Can tell many stories.
8. And know the art of "making medicine," which is the making of goodfellowship by seeking out talent, selecting and leading it and stopping without offending those who are not helpful.
9. Know how to conduct in initiations and have the wisdom to stop them in decent season.
10. As well as to sing the Good-night song when goodnight time has come.
11.* Have camped out 30 nights.
12. Teach some one else to run the Council.
13. Teach a dance to a sufficient number to give it.
HERALD OR CRIER
(Bibaged)
The Degree of Herald is conferred on those who take 10 of these tests:
1. Can walk 1 mile in 11 min. (15 for L. L.)
2. " " 30 " " 12 hrs. (Not open to L. L.)162)
3. Can run 100 yds. in 13 sec. (14 for L. L.)
4. " " 1 mile in 5⅓ min. (Not open to L. L.)
5. " swim 100 yards.
6. Have slept out 30 nights.
7. Can send and receive a message in one of the following systems of signaling: Semaphore, Morse, or Myer, not fewer than 24 letters per minute. (12 letters for L. L.)
8. Make correct smoke signals meaning "Camp is here," I am Lost," "All well," "All come to Council."
9.* Can talk Sign Talk, knowing at least 400 signs. (200 for L. L.)
10.* Know the 25 signs and blazes of the Indian code. (15 for L.L.)
11.* Can read and translate into his own language a page or conversation from some other language.
12.* Can conduct a Council.
13.* Know the ordinary rules of courtesy, precedence, introduction, salutation, etc.
14. Know the history of the National Flag and the proper way of saluting, etc.
15. Have taught half a dozen fellows to qualify.
HORSEMAN
The Degree of Horseman may be conferred on those who take 10 of these tests:
1.* Show that they are at home in a saddle and can ride at a walk, trot, and gallop.
2.* Know how to saddle and bridle a horse correctly.
3. Can catch 6 horses in corral or on range with 12 throws of the lasso.
4. Know how to water and feed and to what amount, and how to groom a horse properly.163)
5. Know how to harness a horse correctly in single or double harness and to drive.
6.* Can pack 100 lbs. of stuff with diamond hitch, to stay during 4 hours of travel or 2 miles of trotting. (2 hours or 1 mile for L. L.)
7. Have a knowledge of the power of endurance of horses at work and know the local regulations concerning driving.
8. Know the management and care of horses.
9.* Can identify unsoundness and blemishes.
10. Know the evils of bearing or check reins and of illfitting harness or saddlery.
11. Know two common causes of, and proper remedies for, lameness, and know to whom he should refer cases of cruelty and abuse.
12. Are able to judge as to the weight, height, and age of horses.
13. Know 3 breeds and their general characteristics.
14. Are able to treat a horse for colic.
15. Describe symptoms and give treatment for the following: wounds, fractures and sprains, exhaustion, choking, lameness.
16. Understand horseshoeing.
17.* Can clear a 4-foot hurdle and an 8-foot water jump.
18. Pick up their hat from the ground going at full gallop on a horse not less than 13 hands high. (11 hands for L. L.)
HUNTER
(Gaossed)
The Degree of Hunter may be conferred on those who take 14 of these tests:
1. Can walk 1 mile in 11 minutes. (14 in L. L.)
2. " " 30 " " 12 hours. (Not open to L. L. )
3. " run 100 yards in 13 Secs. (15 in L. L.)164)
4. Can run 1 mile in 5⅓ minutes. (Not open to L. L.)
5. " swim 100 yards.
6. " spot the Rabbit (see Games) 3 times out of 5 at 60 yards.
7. " see and map out 6 Pleiades.
8. " see the Pappoose on the Squaw's back (spectacles allowed if habitually worn.) (See p. 204.)
9.* Have killed according to the Campfire Law (p. 106), any one big game animal.
10.* Have got a good photograph of a big game animal wild in its native surroundings.
11.* Know and name correctly 25 native wild quadrupeds. (15 for L. L.)
12. Know and name correctly 50 wild birds in the field and their nests. (30 for L. L.)
13.* Know and clearly discriminate the tracks of 25 of our common wild quadrupeds. (15 for L. L.)
14. Can trail an animal or else iron track prints for half a mile without aid of snow. (Snow allowed in L. L.)
15. Have won honors with rifle. That is, be a marksman according to the rules of the National Rifle Association.
16. With bow make a total score of 300 points at 60 yards, standard target (see p. 112). (25 points for L. L.)
17.* Have caught alive and uninjured with his own make of trap one wild quadruped and one wild bird.
18.* Know the Pole Star and 15 star groups. (10 star groups in L. L.)
19. Have taught any one of these but the first 9 to some other brave.
MOUNTAINEER
(Wadjiwed)
The Degree of Mountaineer may be conferred on those who take 8 of these tests:165)
1.* Take two honors at least in the list of mountainclimbing (see p. 103). (One in L. L.)
2. Have camped out at least 30 nights in the mountains.
3. Know, name and describe the 14 great divisions of the earth's crust (according to Geikie). (Any 8 for L. L.)
4.* Know and name 25 different kinds of rock. (10 in. L. L.)
5.* Define watershed, delta, drift, fault, glacier, terrace, stratum, dip. (Any 5 of these in L. L.)
6. Know at least 20 mammals that live in the mountains. (12 for L. L.)
7. " " " 50 mountain birds. (25 in L. L.)
8. " " " 25 mountain trees. (15 in L. L.)
9. Have made a journey alone on foot through the mountains of at least 100 miles, sleeping out every night. (Companion and horse allowed in L. L.)
10. Can swim 100 yards.
PATHFINDER OR SCOUT
(Mikan)
The Degree of Pathfinder is conferred on those who take 12 of these tests:
1. Know every land bypath and short cut for a distance of at least 2 miles in every direction around your local headquarters in the country, (1 mile in L. L.)
2.* Have a general knowledge of the district within a 5-mile radius of his local headquarters, so as to be able to guide people at any time, by day or night. (2 miles for L.L.)
3. Know the general direction and population of the 5 principal neighboring towns and be able to give strangers correct directions how to reach them. (3 towns in L. L.)
4. Know the country in 2-mile radius, or in a town166) must know in a ½-mile radius what livery stables, garages, and blacksmiths there are. (1 mile in L. L.)
5. Know the location of the nearest meat markets, bakeries, groceries, and drug stores.
6.* Know where the nearest police station, hospital, doctor, fire alarm, fire hydrant, telegraph and telephone offices, and railroad stations are.
7.* Know something of the history of the place, its principal public buildings, such as town or city hall, postoffice, schools, and churches.
8. As much as possible of the above information should be entered on a large scale map.
9. Fell a 6-inch tree or pole in a prescribed direction so as to fall between two stakes 2 feet apart, within 60 seconds. (4 feet and 2 minutes for L. L.)
10. Tie 6 kinds of knots quickly. (4 for L. L.)
11. Lash spars properly together for scaffolding.
12.* Build a modern bridge or derrick.
13. Make a camp kitchen.
14. Build a shack or cabin of one kind or another suitable for three occupants.
15. Walk I mile in 11 minutes. (15 for L. L.)
16. Run 100 yards in 13 seconds, (Not open for L. L.)
17. Run 50 yards in 7⅘ seconds. (Not open to L. L.)
18. Swim 100 yards.
SCOUT RUNNER
The Degree of Scout Runner is conferred on those who take 9 of these tests:
1.* Can walk 1 mile in 11 minutes. (14 in L. L.)
2.* " " 30 miles in 12 hours. (Not open to L. L.)167)
3. Can run 100 yards in 13 seconds. (Not open to L.)
4. " run 50 yards in 7⅘ seconds (Not open to B. L.)
5.* " " 1 mile in 5⅓ minutes. (Not open to L. L.)
6.* " swim 100 yards.
7.* " paddle a canoe 1 mile in 12 minutes. (15 in L. L.)
8. Know the Semaphore or Wigwag or Myer code and take as well as receive a message at the rate of at least 24 letters a minute.
9.* Know 200 signs of the Sign Language. (100 in L. L.)
10. Know the 25 secret signs and blazes of the Indian code (15 in L. L.)
11.* Have slept out 30 nights.
12. Know and can clearly discriminate the track of 25 of our common wild quadrupeds; also trail for a mile without snow, till near enough to photograph or bag it. (Snow allowed in L. L.)
13. Must have carried a letter 3 times over a mile of enemy's country with at least 20 hostiles out against him, of his own class.
SHARPSHOOTER
The Degree of Sharpshooter is conferred on those who take 7 of these tests:
1.* Qualify as in "marksman" with the rifle in accordance with the regulations of the National Rifle Association.
2.* Make a bow and arrow which will shoot a distance of 100 feet with fair precision.
3. Make a regulation archery target - 4 feet across, with the 9-inch centre and 4 rings, each 4¾ inches wide.
4. Make a total score of 350 with 60 shots of bow and arrow in one or two meets, using standard 4-foot target at 40 yards or 3-foot target at 30 yards. (300 in L. L.)168)
5. Make a total score of 300 with 72 arrows, using standard 4-foot target at a distance of 50 yards, or 3-foot target at 36 yards. (250 for L. L.)
6. Shoot so far and fast as to have six arrows in the air at once. (5 in L. L.)
7. See and map out 6 Pleiades.
8. See the Pappoose on the Squaw's back in the Dipper Handle.
9. Spot the Rabbit 3 times at 60 yards.
STAR WISEMAN
(Gijiged)
The Degree of Star Wiseman may be conferred on those who take 7 of these tests:
1.* Have a general knowledge of the nature and movements of the stars.
2.* Point out and name 10 principal constellations. (6 in L. L.)
3.* Can find the North by means of other stars than the Pole Star in case of that star being obscured by clouds.
4. Can tell the hour of the night by the stars and moon.
5. Know and can name 20 of the chief stars. (15 in L.L.)
6. Know, name and can point out 3 of the planets, (1 in L. L.)
7. Have a general knowledge of the positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon.
8. Have a general kno wedge of tides, eclipses, meteors, comets, sun-spots, and planets.
9.* Take the latitude from the stars with home-made instruments, within 1 degree of error. (2 degrees in L. L.)
10.* Make a sundial that works.169)
SWIMMER
The Degree of Swimmer may be conferred on those who take 8 of these tests:
1.* Can swim 100 yards.
2. Swim on the back 50 feet. (25 for L. L.)
3. Swim 50 feet with shoes and clothes on. (25 for L.L.]
4.* Demonstrate breast, crawl, and side stroke.
5. Dive properly from the surface of the water.
6. Can dive into from 7 to 10 feet of water and bring from bottom to surface a loose bag of sand weighing 5 lb. (4 to 7 feet and 3 lb. for L. L.)
7.* Demonstrate on land five methods of release from a drowning person who clutches you.
8. Demonstrate in the water two methods of release.
9. Demonstrate the Schaefer method of resuscitation (prone pressure).
10. Demonstrate safely crossing thin or rotten ice.
11. Have a knowledge of weather wisdom and tides.
12. Teach 3 fellows to swim, (1 for L. L.)
TRAVELER
The Degree of Traveler may be conferred on those who take 11 of these tests:
1. Have walked 1 mile in 11 minutes. (14 in L. L.)
2.* Have tramped 30 miles a day. (Not open to L. L.)
3. Have climbed 1 of the standard peaks (p. 103.)
4. Knows at least 15 star groups, including the Dipper and the Little Bear. (10 in L. L.)170)
5.* Have camped out in at least lo different States or countries.
6. Have entered the Arctic or Antarctic circles.
7. Have crossed the Equator.
8. Can take exact latitude and longitude with instruments.
9.* Can take latitude within 2 degrees of error, with home-made instruments.
10. Have made a compass survey of 100 miles of country.
11. Have traveled at least 100,000 miles by rail or steamship or other means.
12.* Have traveled 500 miles on foot, by bicycle, by canoe, or in saddle, camping out.
13. Know 200 signs of the Sign Language. (100 for L. L.)
14. Can make himself comfortable in the woods with only wildwood material.
15. Can swim 100 yards.
16. Have slept out 30 nights.
VILLAGE SCOUT OR BIG VILLAGE SCOUT
The Degree of Village Scout may be conferred on those who take 14 of these tests:
1.* Know how to turn in an alarm for fire.
2. Know how to enter burning buildings.
3.* Know how to prevent the spread of fire.
4. Understand the use of hose; unrolling, joining up, connecting two hydrants, use of nozzles, etc.
5. Understand the use of escapes, ladders, and chutes.
6. Know how to improvise ropes and nets.
7.* Know what to do in case of panic.171)
8. Understand the fireman's lift and drag.
9. How to work in fumes.
10. Understand the use of fire-extinguishers.
11. How to rescue animals.
12. How to save property.
13. How to organize a bucket brigade.
14. How to aid the poHce in keeping back crowds.
15. How to ride a wheel.
16.* Repair a puncture.
17.* Walk 4 miles in one hour.
18. Know the signs:
Meaning respectively:
Official mark, fire-plug 8 feet out, please remove dust, add, subtract, divide, multiply, equals, parallel, plumb, circle, more than, less than, triangle, right-angle, square, because, therefore, this direction, male, female young.
WHITE MAN'S WOODCRAFT
(Dibaakid)
The Degree of White Woodcraftsman may be conferred on those who take 9 of the following tests:
1. Take, develop, and print photographs of 1 2 separate subjects, 3 interiors, 3 portraits, 3 landscapes, and 3 instantaneous "action photos."
2.* Make a recognizable photograph of any wild bird larger than a robin, while on its nest.
3.* Make a recognizable photograph of a wild animal in its native haunts.
4. Make a recognizable photograph of a fish in the water.172)
5.* Map correctly from the country itself the main features of half a mile of road, with 440 yards each side to a scale of 2 feet to the mile, and afterward draw same map from memory.
6.* Measure the height of a tree, telegraph pole, and church steeple without climbing.
7. Measure width of a river without crossing.
8. Estimate distance apart of two objects a known distance away and unapproachable, within an average of 10 per cent, of error in 10 different trials.
9. Can measure a gradient.
10. Can estimate the speed of a stream.
11. Can tell the number of gallons of water going over a fall or down a stream.
12. Can estimate the horsepower of a given fall.
13. Teach the last seven to some one else.
(The Little Lodge may take three of the first six and three of the second — that is, six in all.)
WISE WOODMAN
The Degree of Wise Woodman may be conferred on those who take 12 of these tests:
1.* Have a list of 100 different kinds of birds personally observed on exploration in the field. (50 for L. L.)
2. Have identified beyond question, by appearance or by note, 45 different kinds of birds in one day. (25 for L. L.)
3. Have made a good clear photograph of some wild bird, the bird image to be over ½ inch in length on the negative. (Any size image for L. L.)
4. Have secured at least two tenants in bird boxes erected by himself, (1 for L. L.)173)
5. Have daily notes on the nesting of a pair of wild birds from the time the first egg is laid until the young have left the nest. (Daily notes 20 to the month for L. L.)
6. Have attracted at least 3 kinds of birds, exclusive of the English sparrow, to a "lunch counter" which he has supplied. (Include English sparrow for L. L.)
7.* Have a knowledge of the game laws of the state in which he lives.
8.* Preserve and mount the skin of a game bird, or animal, killed in season. (Preserve only for L. L.)
9. Mount for a rug the pelt of some fur animal.
10.* Know 25 different kinds of trees. (15 for L. L.)
11.* Know 30 different wild flowers. (20 for L. L.)
12. Know 10 different snakes. (5 for L. L.)
13. Know 10 different fungi, (5 for L. L.)
14. Know the signs of weather.
15. Make fire with the rubbing-sticks.
Winning a Name
Each brave aims at winning a name. These Indian names are a sort of honorable nickname given in recognition of some exploit or personal gift. Thus Deerfoot was the great runner and Hawkeye had the sharp eyes. Killdeer was famous in our deer hunt, as also was Deerslayer; Grey-wolf was the best scout; Eel-scout was the one who slipped through the enemies' lines as often as he pleased; Little Beaver was the best worker; Chicadee was the smallest; the noisy chatterer, forever showing off without doing any work, was called Bluejay; Spycatcher was given to a warrior who captured a hostile spy by a deed of unusual daring.
On rare occasions the name was an inglorious one. Thus a lazy boy was called “Young-man-afraid-of-a-Shovel,” or “Shovel,” for short; another was “Scare-cat,” because of his174)timidity; one small boy whose tears were ever ready to flow was named “Rain-in-the-Face”; a fellow without any grit was called the “Quitter,” and an awkward brave who upset the canoe several times was called “Tippecanoe.” But they can get rid of them as soon as they do something highly creditable.
Naming the Brave'. When the Council decides that a bad name or annoying nickname is to be dropped, the Chief or Medicine Man writes it on a piece of wood or bark. Then, making a speech explaining the circumstances, he burns the bark in the Council Fire, announcing that that name be forgotten. No one must mention it again under pain of punishment.
Then the brave is given his new name of honor; the Chief makes a speech as before, teUing of the exploit and announcing the name. It is written down in the Tally; then each Chief and Councilor comes forward, shakes hands with the brave, saying “Bo-jou, Nichy” — followed by the new name.
Indian Names That Have Been Won by Scouts.
As a rule, the idea — “wonderful,” “great,” “admirable,” or “above others” — is understood, else the name would not have been given.
Apenimon — Trusty.
Apenindis — Self-reliant.
Ay-no-keetch — Hunter.
Bebe-ji — Wild Horse.
Bebe-mak — Dark Horse.
Beedajim — (He) brings the news.
Beejee-gash — Leaping Panther.
Bemossed — Walker.
Biminak — Slick Roper.
Bisanabi — The Silent One.
Bissanajib — Rock-splitter, or crusher.
Chissakid — Juggler.
Eesta-nax — Jack-rabbit.
Eet-su-moot-si — Brave all alone.
En-do-ban-uh — Scout.
Etut-botsots — Strong alone.
Gash-wan — High Hop.
Gibodeg — Little Breeches.
Giganini — Man-fish.
Gimab — Spy.
Gimo-gash — Silent power.
Gitch-amik — Mighty beaver.
Gitchi-saka — Big Stick.
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Huya — Fighting Eagle.
Ininaja — (He) was sent.
Ishka-kid — Fire-juggler.
Ishkotekay — (He) makes fire.
Iss-see-kas — Top of the Mountain.
Jangened — Hostile.
Jibendam — Stay with it.
Ka-ba-to — Runner.
Ka-gi-git — Speak not.
Kah-no-see-tuk — Pine Tree.
Kak-i-no-sit — The tall one.
Karonawa — Famous Runner.
Kawin-jag — Fears not.
Kee-mo Sah-bee — Trusty Scout.
Kee-shee Ka-ba-too — Quick Runner.
Kijika — (I) walk quickly.
Kin-a-pik — Snake.
Kinji-gisiss — Shining face.
Manij-wa — Scalper.
Mash-kiki — Doctor.
Me-et-ees — Lone tree.
Mingan — Grey-wolf; that is, “Peerless Scout.”
Minikwa or Nita-anoki — Tumbler.
Minobi — (I) am gay.
Minoday — Well cooked.
Minoway — Moving Voice
Misatik — Big Stick.
Mishe-gash — Mighty Jumper
Mit-te-gwab — Bow.
Mojag — Never Quit.
Neetah Wass-wa — Good Spearman.
Nibaw — I stand up.
Nibenab or Nibab — Sits up all night.
Nibe-jomini — Camp of Creepers.
Nodin — Wind.
Nokidee — Soft Heart.
Nokisan — Wonder Cook.
Odagoma — Iron Nerve.
Okemahgansis — A Little Chief.
Oma-gash — Bounding Buck.
On-jima — Strong Hand.
Ooita-eish — Little Iron.
Osh-ki-de — New Spirit within.
Pajigwad — Stick to it.
Pangi-Wendigo — Little Giant.
Panossim — Water-dog or Sea-dog.
Paw-pung-is — Jumping-jack.
Pe-hask-a — Yellow Hair.
Pee-mah-ta-ha-che-gay — Trailer.
Mee-mah-te-gay — Swimmer.
Pis-chig-ay — Spear.
Sakawa — (He) makes fire.
Sheboygo — Writer.
Shee-mah-gan — Spear.
Shingebis — Diver.
Shunka-reela — Swift or Flying Fox.
So-kit-tay — Strongheart.
Songan — Strong.
So-tee-ay-mo — Brave.
Tchi-bak-we — Medicine Cook.
Wabang — To-morrow.
Wa-bee-no-sa — Walks all night.
Wadjepi — Nimble.
Wah-bit — Keen Eyes.
Wah-da-ga — Swimmer.
Wah-peh-soos — He jumps like a deer.
Wapoos — Rabbit
Wass-wa — Spearman, or Big Spearman.
Wee-wees — Little Owl.
English Names that Have Been Given
Black Hawk.
Big Moose.
Big Otter.
Deerblinder.
High-hop.
Hoot-owl.
Jack-rabbit.
Jumping-jack.
Krag.
Leaping Panther.
Little Thunder.
Many-tongues.
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Never-scare.
Night-owl.
Plenty-coups.
Red Arrow.
Redjacket.
Spy-catcher.
Sheet-lightning.
Strongbow.
Strongheart.
Twinklefoot
White Thunderbolt.
Wing-foot.
Wolverine.
Indian Names Given in Ridicule.
Bakedon — Quitter.
Gitchee-mukasin — Big shoes.
Kittimi — Lazy.
Kiwanis — A foolish noise.
Mah-ka-ahuh — Plenty of whoop.
Mangidon — Big mouth, or All mouth.
Nagatew — Quitter.
Onawama — Cheek
Swangideed — An audacious person; the nervy one.
Takiside — Cold feet.
Wissa-nodin — Hot air.
English Names that Have Been Given in Ridicule.
Chicken-heart.
Chilly-feet.
Funny-face.
Quitter.
Scare-cat.
Tippecanoe — (He upset the boat.)
Names Given to Women
Anang — Star.
Anangons — Little Star.
Anohom — Singer.
Awashonks, The Woman Chief of Seconsit, R. I 1671.
Bimodon — A Grumbler.
Gash-kit-on — I am a Winner
Gijig — Sky
Gamowini — Sweet Singer.
Kis-ke-mas – Waving Grass.
Mijakwad — Skyblue.
Minoway — Magic Voice.
Mokatewis — Sunburnt.
Namid-Anang — Star Dancer.
Namid — Dancer.
Nijanang — Twin Stars.
Niji-Namid — Star Dancer.
Ogin — Rose.
Osawi — Yellow.
Osawindibe — Yellow Hair.
Pagwadgi — Wild thing.
Pingosh — Stinger.
Puppinshaas — Bird.
Satinka — Magic Dancer.
Uppishau — Flower.
Wabigoon — White Flower.
Wabisi — White Swan.
Wap-o — Sunbeam (happiness).
Wap-o-me-o — Happy Bird.
Wetamoo, the beautiful Woman Sachem of the Wampanoags 1662
Winne-taska — Pleasant Laughter.
Wohsum-Naab — Shining Eyes.
Wohsumoe — Shining.
